HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TEMBILAHAN KOTA

Abstrak

Anemia during pregnancy increases the risk of hemorrhagic complications and the delivery of infants with low birth weight (LBW), short birth length, and prematurity. Anemia in pregnant women is generally caused by iron deficiency. Research findings indicate that 26.4% of pregnant women had an average Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) of less than 23.5 cm, while the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 40.3%. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of anemia among pregnant women in the working area of ​​the Tembilahan Kota Community Health Center. The study is quantitative-analytical, with a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted within the service area of ​​the Tembilahan Kota Community Health Center (Puskesmas), Tembilahan District, Indragiri Hilir Regency, from May to July 2026. The population consists of all pregnant women, with a sample size of 85 pregnant. The research analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods with the chi-square statistical test. The study results show a difference in the proportion of anemia cases between the undernourished group (63.2%) and the well-nourished group (9.1%)( There is a significant relationship between nutritional status and anemia status or incidence) with an OR value = 17.143 (CI 4.891– 60.090), meaning that mothers with good nutritional status have a 17.143 chance of not experiencing anemia during pregnancy. Community health centers (Puskesmas) are expected to conduct early identification of nutritional status, as well as periodic monitoring and evaluation of anemia prevention programs for pregnant women.

Anemia pada saat kehamilan akan meningkatkan risiko komplikasi perdarahan, melahirkan bayi Berat Badan Lahir rendah (BBLR), Panjang Badan Lahir Rendah (PBLR) dan prematur. Anemia yang terjadi pada ibu hamil umumnya disebabkan karena defisiensi zat besi. Hasil riset menemukan rata-rata ukuran LILA < 23,5 cm selama kehamilan sebanyak 26,4%, sedangkan rata-rata angka kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil sebanyak 40,3%. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tembilahan Kota. Penelitian bersifat analitik kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Lokasi penelitian dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tembilahan Kota Kecamatan Tembilahan kabupaten Indragiri Hilir pada bulan Mei hingga Juli tahun 2026. Populasi adalah seluruh ibu hamil dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 85 responden ibu hamil. Analisa dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji statistic chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan proporsi kejadian anemia antara status gizi kurang (63,2%) dengan status gizi baik (9,1%)  (ada hubungan yang signifikan antara status gizi dengan status atau kejadian anemia) dengan nilai OR =17,143 (CI 4,891– 60,090), artinya ibu yang status gizi baik mempunyai peluang 17,143 kali untuk tidak mengalami anemia selama masa hamil. Diharapkan puskesmas melakukan identifikasi secara dini status gizi serta monitoring dan evaluasi secara berkala terhadap program pencegahan anemia pada ibu hamil